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JavaScript Date format is specified in the ECMAScript specification.
There are generally 3 types of JavaScript date input formats:
ISO Date: "2023-07-01" (The International Standard)
Short Date: "06/01/2023"
Long Date: "Jul 01 2023" or "01 Jul 2023"
Independent of input format, JavaScript will (by default) output dates in full text string format:
Sat Jul 01 2023 15:43:07 GMT+0530 (India Standard Time)
ISO 8601 is the international standard for the representation of dates and times. The ISO 8601 syntax (YYYY-MM-DD) is also the preferred JavaScript date format.
The ISO format follows a strict standard in JavaScript. The other formats are not so well defined and might be browser specific.
ISO dates is specified by (YYYY-MM-DD) format.
The computed date will be relative to your time zone.
const d = new Date("2023-06-01");
ISO dates can be written without specifying the day (YYYY-MM).
const d = new Date("2023-06");
ISO dates can be written without month and day (YYYY).
const d = new Date("2023");
ISO dates can be written with added hours, minutes, and seconds (YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ).
Date and time is separated with a capital T.
UTC time is defined with a capital letter Z.
If you want to modify the time relative to UTC, remove the Z and add +HH:MM or -HH:MM instead. For India use +05:30 (GMT)
UTC (Universal Time Coordinated) is the same as GMT (Greenwich Mean Time).
Omitting T or Z in a date-time string can give different results in different browsers.
const d1 = new Date("2023-06-01T12:00:00Z");
const d2 = new Date("2023-06-01T12:00:00+05:30");
When setting a date, without specifying the time zone, JavaScript will use the browser's time zone.
When getting a date, without specifying the time zone, the result is converted to the browser's time zone.
In other words: If a date/time is created in GMT (Greenwich Mean Time), the date/time will be converted to CDT (Central US Daylight Time) if a user browses from central US.
Short dates are written with an "MM/DD/YYYY" syntax.
In some browsers, months or days with no leading zeroes may produce an error.
The behavior of "YYYY/MM/DD" and "DD-MM-YYYY" is undefined. Some browsers will try to guess the format. Some will return NaN.
const d1 = new Date("06/01/2023");
const d2 = new Date("2023-6-1");
const d3 = new Date("2023/06/01");
const d4 = new Date("01-06-2023");
Long dates are most often written with a "MMM DD YYYY" syntax.
Month and day can be in any order "MMM DD YYYY" or "DD MMM YYYY".
Month can be written in full (July), or abbreviated (Jul):
Commas are ignored. Names are case insensitive.
const d1 = new Date("Jul 01 2023");
const d2 = new Date("01 Jul 2023");
const d3 = new Date("01 July 2023");
const d4 = new Date("01, JUlY, 2023");
If you have a valid date string, you can use the Date.parse() method to convert it to milliseconds.
Date.parse() returns the number of milliseconds between the date and January 1, 1970.
You can then use the number of milliseconds to convert it to a date object.
let msec = Date.parse("Jul 01, 2023");
const d = new Date(msec);
JavaScript will (by default) output dates using the toString() method. This is a string representation of the date, including the time zone. The format is specified in the ECMAScript specification.
toString() return string format of the date.
toDateString() method converts a date to a more readable format.
toUTCString() method converts a date to a string using the UTC standard.
toISOString() method converts a date to a string using the ISO standard.
const d = new Date("Jul 01, 2023");
d.toString(); // Sat Jul 01 2023 00:00:00 GMT+0530 (India Standard Time)
d.toDateString(); // Sat Jul 01 2023
d.toUTCString(); // Fri, 30 Jun 2023 18:30:00 GMT
d.toISOString(); // 2023-06-30T18:30:00.000Z
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