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ECMAScript 5 (2009) added a lot of new Object Methods to JavaScript.
// Create object with an existing object as prototype
Object.create()
// Adding or changing an object property
Object.defineProperty(object, property, descriptor)
// Adding or changing object properties
Object.defineProperties(object, descriptors)
// Accessing Properties
Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, property)
// Returns all properties as an array
Object.getOwnPropertyNames(object)
// Accessing the prototype
Object.getPrototypeOf(object)
// Returns enumerable properties as an array
Object.keys(object)
// Prevents adding properties to an object
Object.preventExtensions(object)
// Returns true if properties can be added to an object
Object.isExtensible(object)
// Prevents changes of object properties (not values)
Object.seal(object)
// Returns true if object is sealed
Object.isSealed(object)
// Prevents any changes to an object
Object.freeze(object)
// Returns true if object is frozen
Object.isFrozen(object)
Object.defineProperty(object, property, {value : value})
const user = { name: "John", city: "New York" };
// Change a property
Object.defineProperty(user, "city", {value : "New Delhi"});
ES5 allows the following property meta data to be changed.
writable : true // Property value can be changed
writable : false // Property value can not be changed
enumerable : true // Property can be enumerated
enumerable : false // Property can be not enumerated
configurable : true // Property can be reconfigured
configurable : false // Property can be not reconfigured
ES5 allows getters and setters to be changed.
// Defining a getter
get: function() { return city }
// Defining a setter
set: function(value) { city = value }
// This makes city read-only
Object.defineProperty(user, "city", {writable: false});
// This makes language not enumerable
Object.defineProperty(user, "city", {enumerable: false});
Object.getOwnPropertyNames() list all properties of an object.
const user = { name: "John", city: "New York" };
Object.getOwnPropertyNames(user); // Returns an array of properties
Object.keys() list only the enumerable properties of an object.
const user = { name: "John", city: "New York" };
Object.defineProperty(user, "city", {enumerable: false});
Object.keys(user); // Returns an array of enumerable properties
Object.defineProperty() can be used to add a property.
const user = { name: "John", city: "New York" };
Object.defineProperty(user, "age", {value: 25});
Object.defineProperty() can also be used to add Getters and Setters.
const user = { name: "John", city: "New York" };
// Define a getter
Object.defineProperty(user, "greetings", {
get: function () {return "Hello " + this.name;}
});
// Define object
const obj = {counter:0};
// Define setters
Object.defineProperty(obj, "reset", {
get : function () {this.counter = 0;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "increment", {
get : function () {this.counter++;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "decrement", {
get : function () {this.counter--;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "add", {
set : function (value) {this.counter += value;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "subtract", {
set : function (i) {this.counter -= i;}
});
// Play with the counter:
obj.reset;
obj.add = 5;
obj.subtract = 1;
obj.increment;
obj.decrement;
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