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JavaScript Object ES5

JS Object ES5

ECMAScript 5 (2009) added a lot of new Object Methods to JavaScript.

Managing Objects
					 
        
          // Create object with an existing object as prototype
          Object.create()

          // Adding or changing an object property
          Object.defineProperty(object, property, descriptor)

          // Adding or changing object properties
          Object.defineProperties(object, descriptors)

          // Accessing Properties
          Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, property)

          // Returns all properties as an array
          Object.getOwnPropertyNames(object)

          // Accessing the prototype
          Object.getPrototypeOf(object)

          // Returns enumerable properties as an array
          Object.keys(object)
        
      
Protecting Objects
					 
        
          // Prevents adding properties to an object
          Object.preventExtensions(object)

          // Returns true if properties can be added to an object
          Object.isExtensible(object)

          // Prevents changes of object properties (not values)
          Object.seal(object)

          // Returns true if object is sealed
          Object.isSealed(object)

          // Prevents any changes to an object
          Object.freeze(object)

          // Returns true if object is frozen
          Object.isFrozen(object)
        
      
Changing a Property Value
Syntax
					 
        
          Object.defineProperty(object, property, {value : value})
        
      
Example
					 
        
          const user = { name: "John", city: "New York" };

          // Change a property
          Object.defineProperty(user, "city", {value : "New Delhi"});
        
      
Changing Meta Data

ES5 allows the following property meta data to be changed.

					 
        
          writable : true      // Property value can be changed
          writable : false     // Property value can not be changed
          enumerable : true    // Property can be enumerated
          enumerable : false   // Property can be not enumerated
          configurable : true  // Property can be reconfigured
          configurable : false // Property can be not reconfigured
        
      

ES5 allows getters and setters to be changed.

					 
        
          // Defining a getter
          get: function() { return city }
          // Defining a setter
          set: function(value) { city = value }
        
      
					 
        
          // This makes city read-only
          Object.defineProperty(user, "city", {writable: false});

          // This makes language not enumerable
          Object.defineProperty(user, "city", {enumerable: false});
        
      
Listing All Properties

Object.getOwnPropertyNames() list all properties of an object.

					 
        
          const user = { name: "John", city: "New York" };

          Object.getOwnPropertyNames(user);  // Returns an array of properties
        
      
Listing Enumerable Properties

Object.keys() list only the enumerable properties of an object.

					 
        
          const user = { name: "John", city: "New York" };

          Object.defineProperty(user, "city", {enumerable: false});
          Object.keys(user);  // Returns an array of enumerable properties
        
      
Adding a Property

Object.defineProperty() can be used to add a property.

					 
        
          const user = { name: "John", city: "New York" };

          Object.defineProperty(user, "age", {value: 25});
        
      
Adding Getters and Setters

Object.defineProperty() can also be used to add Getters and Setters.

					 
        
          const user = { name: "John", city: "New York" };

          // Define a getter
          Object.defineProperty(user, "greetings", {
            get: function () {return "Hello " + this.name;}
          });
        
      
Example: Counter
					 
        
          // Define object
          const obj = {counter:0};
          // Define setters
          Object.defineProperty(obj, "reset", {
            get : function () {this.counter = 0;}
          });
          Object.defineProperty(obj, "increment", {
            get : function () {this.counter++;}
          });
          Object.defineProperty(obj, "decrement", {
            get : function () {this.counter--;}
          });
          Object.defineProperty(obj, "add", {
            set : function (value) {this.counter += value;}
          });
          Object.defineProperty(obj, "subtract", {
            set : function (i) {this.counter -= i;}
          });
          // Play with the counter:
          obj.reset;
          obj.add = 5;
          obj.subtract = 1;
          obj.increment;
          obj.decrement;
        
      

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